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Image Test Post - emDocs
Introduction Mumps is a contagious viral infection characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands, located near the ears. This infection can lead to complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, and orchitis. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent mumps and its associated complications. The Mumps Virus Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, which is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Symptoms typically appear 16-18 days after exposure and include fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and loss of appetite, followed by the characteristic swelling of the parotid glands1. Image – Add Media button – large size Classic Editor Vaccination: The MMR Vaccine The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is the primary method of preventing mumps. The vaccine is administered in two doses, with the first dose given at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 years2. The MMR vaccine is highly effective, with studies showing that two doses are about 88% effective at preventing mumps3. Image medium size and scaled larger Classic Editor Vaccine Efficacy and Outbreaks Despite the high efficacy of the MMR vaccine, outbreaks can still occur, particularly in settings with close contact, such as schools and colleges. Factors contributing to outbreaks include waning immunity over time and the intensity of exposure. In recent years, there have been reports of mumps outbreaks among vaccinated individuals, prompting discussions about the potential need for a third dose of the MMR vaccine. Medium image posted in Elementor medium size – scaled up using the text editor Public Health Measures In addition to vaccination, public health measures are crucial in controlling mumps outbreaks. These measures include isolating infected individuals, timely contact tracing, and effective communication and education for the public and healthcare providers. Maintaining high vaccination coverage is essential to reduce the incidence of mumps and prevent complications. Medium image posted in Elementor text editor – edited in editor and size reset to large. Conclusion Mumps is a preventable disease, and vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention. The MMR vaccine has proven to be highly effective, but ongoing vigilance and public health measures are necessary to manage outbreaks and protect public health. Ensuring compliance with vaccination recommendations and considering additional doses in outbreak situations can help mitigate the risk of future mumps outbreaks.
EM@3AM: Pediatric Osteomyelitis - emDocs
A 2-year-old female with a past medical history of failure to thrive presents for evaluation of right arm pain. The mother states that the patient was recently started on mupirocin for a spot on her right forearm the day prior. Since then, the mother states she has noticed a “hard spot” on the patient’s right clavicle. Mother denies any recent trauma or falls and also reports a temperature at home of 37.8° C. Per chart review, the patient was recently discharged a week prior after a 6-day admission for failure to thrive. Vital signs include temperature 37.0° C, HR 136 bpm, RR 32 breaths/minute, and blood pressure of 99/57 mmHg. The head is atraumatic and normocephalic. Auscultation of the heart reveals a regular rate and rhythm, and lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Physical exam is notable for guarding of the right upper extremity with induration overlying the proximal right clavicle with minimal surrounding erythema. There are no step-offs or bruising throughout the bilateral upper extremities. The patient has 2+ bilateral radial pulses. There is decreased active range of motion of the right shoulder which appears to be secondary to pain. She has full range of motion of all other joints.