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Napoleon Bonaparte lost the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which ultimately led to his departure from France. There was much speculation about where he would end up after leaving France – including the possibility of Napoleon going to America. Michael Thomas Leibrandt explains.
When asked about the Ancient Egyptians, and in particular King Tutankhamun, many will think of iconography like mummies wrapped in bandages, imposing pyramids and talk of curses. In November 1922, British archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the sealed tomb of King Tutankhamun and it became an int
Ferdinand Magellan's name is etched into history as the man who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, an achievement that forever reshaped humanity's understanding of the world. His journey was a story of daring ambition, perilous voyages, and unyielding determination, all undertaken
The American Film Institute’s list of the ‘ 100 greatest heroes and villains ’ reflects key trends in American cinematic storytelling and the enduring power of specific character archetypes. In effect, the history of bad guys, villains, and enemies is a fascinating story of cinema and society it
With the banning of books that detail important historical facts and the silencing of various cultural stories which show the diversity of our once ‘Proud’ nation. It seems even more essential to relay the journeys of American to Americans for context and understanding. Knowing our past history, cle
Lew Wallace was the youngest Major General in the Union Army at the time of his appointment early in the Civil War, which is especially interesting since he never went to West Point. His father was a lawyer and served as Governor of Indiana, while his grandfather was a Circuit Court judge and congre
In the late seventh century BCE, Egypt's Saite renaissance under Pharaoh Necho II looked seaward as few rulers of the Nile ever had. Necho reorganized Egypt's defenses and began the digging of a canal to connect the Nile with the Red Sea, and, if we trust a tantalizing report, he commissioned a Phoe
During the summer of 1963, the air over Lincolnshire witnessed a contest no one would have predicted. Climbing into the sky was the English Electric Lightning, the RAF’s newest interceptor, capable of outpacing almost anything that flew. Facing it was a veteran from another world entirely—the Superm
Divorced, beheaded, died. Divorced, behead, survived. Six women reduced to a simple sentence. Yet those few words oversimplify Anne Boleyn. Anne a woman who spent her entire life defying labels and social expectations that were forced upon her, first as a woman and later as Queen of England. Anne
Marco Polo stands as one of the most iconic figures of medieval exploration, a man whose name became synonymous with far-flung lands, daring journeys, and the opening of new worlds to the imagination of Europe. Born in 1254 CE into a Venetian merchant family, Marco Polo grew up in a city that was th
The War of 1812 was raging when the capital was stormed. The invaders made short work of the overmatched defenders and rampaged through the city, setting fire to the legislative buildings and executive mansion. Withdrawing, they left behind smoldering ruins and a foe with a keen
Catherine of Aragon, King Henry VIII's first and longest-serving wife, faced numerous challenges throughout her life, battling for her reputation from a young age until her final days. Her unwavering fortitude is strikingly evident when examining her surviving portraits. What can portrai
The story of rocketry stretches across centuries, blending ancient ingenuity with modern engineering on a scale that once seemed the stuff of myth. Its roots trace back to the earliest experiments in harnessing stored energy for propulsion, long before the word "rocket" existed. Ancient cu
Michael Leibrandt explains tell us about how Philadelphia is trying to save a Christmas tradition. The beginning of many great traditions started in Philadelphia — the City’s 1913 grand display outside of Independence Hall – saw a forty-five piece Regimental Ba
The Vikings played a role in Britain from the 8th to the 11th centuries, conducting raids, as well as settling and trading there. There impacts were large and played a significant role in Britain over centuries. Caleb M. Brown explains.
In the golden age of experimental flight during the Cold War, one aircraft tore through the boundaries of both speed and altitude, becoming a bridge between atmospheric flight and the vast, airless domain of space. That aircraft was the North American X-15. A rocket-powered research vehicle with the
It is a cold, crisp, afternoon in Paris. The year is 1793. A young woman is brought before the guillotine, her hands bound behind her. She wears a plain white gown- not her usual Rococo style but times have changed. Once the apple of the French people’s eye, their opinions of her have soured. Her fa
The Battle of Olustee, or Battle of Ocean Pond, took place in Florida, on February 20, 1864 - and was of course part of the American Civil War. It was the largest battle fought in Florida during the war. Ryan Reidway explains.
On October, 14, 1947, an orange bullet-shaped aircraft streaked across the clear skies above the Mojave Desert, a sharp double boom echoing in its wake. That boom signaled a momentous milestone in human achievement: the first time an aircraft had officially broken the sound barrier. At the controls
The Hebrides, off the northwest coast of Scotland are among the most visually stunning and culturally unique locations in the British Isles. Consisting of both the Inner and Outer Island chains, many noteworthy and popular places in Britain are found here such as the Isles of Skye, Lewis, North and
The Partition of British India in August 1947 was one of the most significant and traumatic events of the 20th century. It split the Indian subcontinent into two nations: India and Pakistan. People fled their homes, some with bags, others with nothing but their stories. In the princely state of Jamm
On May 29, 1927, a tall, determined young man climbed into a small, custom-built monoplane at Roosevelt Field, New York. Thirty-three and a half hours later, he landed in Paris to the roar of thousands, having completed the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight in history. Charles Augustus Lindber
On a hazy summer morning in 1909, a lone monoplane soared over the white cliffs of Dover, trailing a roar that startled grazing sheep and sent onlookers scrambling toward the coastline. At the controls was a mustachioed French engineer named Louis Blériot, whose daring flight across the English Chan
Major General Daniel Sickles was one of the most colorful and controversial figures of the Civil War era, known as much for his flamboyant personality and scandals as for his political and military actions. He can be viewed as either an American war hero or an infamous murderer and insubordinate mil
Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza brought a daily habit of drinking tea to England. The young princess double-checked every sea chest that would be loaded onto the boat, set to sail with her to the new country where she would soon become queen. Among the lavish dresses, jewelry, and fabrics,
Al Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1899. As a young man he moved to Chicago and became involved in prostitution, gambling and, in the 1920s, bootlegging rackets. He became rich enough to buy a mansion in Florida and a bullet-proof car but was convicted of tax evasion in 1931. He served time
On a blustery winter morning in December 1903, amid the dunes and salt-laden winds of North Carolina's Outer Banks, two bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio, changed the course of human history. Orville and Wilbur Wright, driven by ingenuity, science, and relentless perseverance, achieved what millen
As inconceivable as it may sound, there was an occasion when two NATO allies were considered in a state of war, albeit limited. It was the only time that that two NATO allies were in a heated exchange and exchanged fire. The incident was called the Turbot War (named after a type of fish which was th
TThe Battle of Cowpens has been called by many as "The perfect tactical battle.” It is also known as the battle that saved the South for the colonial army and the turning point of the United States' War for Independence. And perhaps it's fair to use all of these monikers to describe it. Howe
Every town name tells a story, hidden in plain sight, the suffixes of place names—those last few letters we often overlook are time capsules that reveal the identities of ancient settlers, conquerors, and religious institutions that once shaped the land. Nowhere is this more evident than in Great Br
The USS Panay Incident played a crucial role in the timeline of the United States' involvement in international affairs in the late 1930s as the world prepared for the Second World War. Yet today, most Americans have never heard of the incident. It is cited as both the first time American Naval ship
When the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939, they had to determine how the increasing numbers of Jews would be controlled. Their temporary solution was to section the Jews off into ghettos, and Jewish methods of resistance must be seen in the context of that environment. Heather Voight explains.
In the dense stillness of the jungle, a modern soldier crouches beneath the canopy, his weapon of choice silent but deadly. It's not a suppressed firearm or high-tech drone, but a crossbow. Though often considered a relic of medieval warfare, this weapon, which once helped shape the course of empire
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed US-supported landing on Cuba against Fidel Castro’s Communist Cuba in 1961. Here, J.J. Valdes considers Britain’s involvement in the affair.
Throughout history, fortifications have served as physical manifestations of a society's desire for security, power, and territorial control. From the earliest wooden palisades of the Neolithic era to the massive stone castles of the medieval period, defensive architecture has evolved in response to
The American Civil War had a number of critical junctures in 1862. Here, Lloyd W. Klein considers the 1862 Peninsula Campaign and The Seven Days Battles. Here, he considers the final part of the campaign, including the Seven Days Battles.
George Washington is often remembered as the figurehead of the American Revolution. The first President of the United States and Commander and Chief. His leadership was absolutely instrumental in our nation’s founding, his Presidency has continued to be seen as a guiding light among many leaders tod
It lies just beneath the surface—literally and figuratively. A rusting American Liberty ship, broken-backed and quietly corroding off the coast of Kent and Essex, barely three miles from Sheerness. To many in the southeast of England, the name Richard Montgomery is familiar, even faintly iconic. Its
Throughout ancient military history, the ingenuity of engineers often turned the tide of empires. Among the most fearsome weapons conceived by the minds of Hellenistic and Roman engineers was the ballista, a mechanical marvel that hurled death with frightening accuracy across ancient battlefields an