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Process: a blog for american history - History
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Protesting the 1980 Moscow “Olympics of Oppression”
This piece is a response to our Call for Submissions: Histories of Political Protest in the U.S. For our submission guidelines, click here. In 1974, when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) awarded Moscow’s bid to host the 1980 Summer Olympics, it set off a wave of protests among activists
Call for Papers: Histories of Sport
In anticipation of the upcoming 2024 Paris Summer Olympics, Process invites proposals and submissions for an upcoming series on the histories of sport in the United States. We are open to a wide range of topics and approaches. This could include pieces about sports activism and politics; the athleti
Friday Highlights at OAH 2024
Day two of the 2024 Annual Meeting for the Organization of American Historians brought sunny weather and another slate of great panels, presentations, and events. Participants ventured out into the beautiful French Quarter to explore local history and take advantage of the tours and offsite sessions
Thursday Highlights at OAH 2024
The 2024 Annual Meeting for the Organization of American Historians opened Thursday. Attendees braved storms and flood warnings to arrive at the Marriott Hotel in New Orleans, located in the historic French Quarter on Canal Street. We are lucky enough to be here during the French Quarter Festival, g
The Hidden U.S. Experiments in Guatemala
This piece is part of Process‘s series on U.S. intervention in Latin America. If you are interested in submitting a piece on the United States in Latin America, see our CFP here and our submission guidelines here. Content Warning: This article discusses medical experimentation and physical and sexu
What’s in the March Issue of the Journal of American History?
The March issue of the Journal of American History is now available online and in print. Included are articles by Cindy Hahamovitch, Britain Hopkins, Karin Zipf, and Joshua A. McGonagle Althoff's Editor's Choice article, "Managing Settlers, Managing Neighbors: Renarrating Johnson v. McIntosh through
“An unrelinquished claim and vested interest…”: A Conversation with John David Waiheʻe III, Former Governor of Hawai‘i, on the U.S. Apology to the Hawaiian People
In light of the recent 30th anniversary of the U.S. Apology to the Hawaiian people, I sat down with former Hawai‘i Governor John Waiheʻe III to discuss its enduring legal implications. In 1993, the U.S. Congress issued the Apology as a joint-resolution, signed into law by President Bill Clinton, “to
A Decisive Influence: The American Public’s Role in Financial Regulation
In the twenty-first century, Americans have generally left questions of financial policy to such experts as government regulators, academics, and bankers. However, into the 1940s, ordinary citizens showed keen interest in banking policy.[1] Their vigilance followed a period of “wildcat” banking in t
2024 JAH Women’s History Index
In honor of Women’s History Month, we are pleased to reissue the JAH Women’s History Index. First published in 2020, the index includes every article of women’s history printed in this journal since its inception as the Mississippi Valley Historical Review more than one hundred years ago. Consistin
Celebrating Combahee at Fifty: Black Feminism, Socialism, Race, and Sexuality
To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Combahee River Collective, Process calls for proposals and submissions on a wide variety of themes surrounding feminism, socialism, race, and sexuality. The Combahee River Collective was a Black lesbian feminist socialist organization formed in
Imperial Feasting: Representations of Food and Consumption in the Political Cartoons of the Spanish-American War of 1898
This piece is part of Process's series on U.S. intervention in Latin America. If you are interested in submitting a piece on the United States in Latin America, see our CFP here and our submission guidelines here. Political cartoons constituted a popular form of visual currency during the Spanish
2024 JAH African American History Index
In honor of Black History Month, we at the Journal of American History are pleased to re-release the JAH African American History Index. First published in 2019, the index includes every article of African American history we have ever printed, from our inception as the Mississippi Valley Historical
On “The U.S. Culture Wars Abroad: Liberal-Evangelical Rivalry and Decolonization in Southern Africa, 1968–1994”
The problem of the archive is a well-worn topic for historians. But sometimes the sheer contingency of the historical record—what we can and cannot learn about the past through documentation—is so glaring that it demands comment. I had this in mind as I came across records of a twenty-something Aust
What’s in the December Issue of the Journal of American History?
The December issue of the Journal of American History is now available online and in print. Included are articles by Rachel A. Shelden and Erik B. Alexander, Vanessa May, Ronnie A. Grinberg, and Daniel Immerwahr's Editor's Choice article, "Burning Down the House: Slavery and Arson in America." The p
(Trans)American History across Borders
I am often asked why a historian from France would study the history of California. Indeed, France and California seem very far apart, not only physically but also historically. Chance has played a part in my trajectory. Still, I would like to make the case that there are sound academic arguments th
Hesitancy against Hope: Reactions to the First Polio Vaccine
Looking back on the COVID-19 pandemic, we reflect on the importance of the vaccine and how its rapid testing and rollout reduced the incidence of infection. However, those who feared or opposed COVID-19 vaccination due to personal beliefs or perception of risk influenced discussions in the media and
Recovering Histories of Gendered State Violence
“Mexican Girls in Revolt,” The Missoulian, March 19, 1911. Loud, thundering calls for “that greaser” travelled through the hallways and doors of the Gonzalez County jail in south-central Texas during a hot summer evening in 1901. Men’s voices could be heard loud and clear as a mob of about 300 appr
On the Map
The flag of Bikini Atoll looks a lot like the American flag. It has the same red and white stripes. Five neat rows of white stars fill the dark blue box on the top left corner. The resemblance is intentional. Unlike the U.S. flag, with fifty stars that symbolize the fifty states, the Bikinian flag
Guåhan and the CHamoru People
Once in a while, the U.S. territory of Guåhan (Guam) appears in mainstream media such as The New York Times, generally when catastrophic or near-catastrophic events involve the island—most recently as Typhoon Mawar and its 140 mile-per-hour winds passed directly over the island in May 2023. How
Tips on Teaching K-12 LGBTQ+ History
This article originally appeared in the Spring 2023 issue of The American Historian. With all of the headlines about Republican-dominated legislatures passing “Don’t Say Gay” curriculum censorship laws and white nationalist militia groups threatening Drag Story Hours at public libraries around th
Call for Papers: U.S. Intervention in Latin America
To reflect on the fiftieth anniversary of the 1973 Chilean coup, and the U.S. role in Latin America more broadly, Process invites proposals and submissions for an upcoming series on U.S. intervention in Latin America. We are open to a wide variety of themes relating to the histories of the United S
Support the Troops: Gender and U.S. Civil-Military Relations During the “War on Terror”
During the early years of the “global war on terror,” the call to “support the troops” was ubiquitous in the United States. The yellow ribbon associated with “supporting the troops” adorned all sorts of material culture, from front-yard trees to magnets to credit cards; professional sporting events
Call for Submissions: Histories of Political Protest in the United States
Process invites proposals and submissions for an upcoming series on protests in U.S. history. We are open to a variety of themes relating to the histories of political protest in the United States. This could include a wide-range of protest movements, from the marches and picket lines for women’s su
“Let’s Raise Some Hell”: Clyde Warrior and the Red Power Movement
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Siege of Wounded Knee, the 71-day occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, by American Indian Movement (AIM) activists. For many historians, the resolution of the conflict with the federal government marks the end of the Red Power movement. While the prec
What’s in the September Issue of the Journal of American History?
The September issue of the Journal of American History is now available online and in print. Included are articles by Sonia Hernández, Martin Summers, Gene Zubovich, and Yevan Terrien's Editor's Choice article, "Baptiste and Marianne's Balbásha': Enslavement, Freedom, and Belonging in Early New Orle
American History as North American and African Diaspora History
My JAH article “Bridging Borders,” much like my book Cross-Border Cosmopolitans: The Making of a Pan-African North America (UNC Press, 2023), is concerned with a fundamental historiographical question: How can historians in the twenty-first century reimagine American and African American history in
Propaganda for the World; Propaganda for the Enemy
This piece is a response to our Call for Submissions, Ending the Forgotten War: The Korean War Armistice at Seventy. For our submission guidelines, click here. On July 27, 1953, delegates from the United Nations and North Korea signed the Korean War Armistice Agreement, ending the long war (or "p
Shock and Awe 20 Years Later: The Iraq War in the History of U.S. Empire
The twentieth anniversary of the Iraq War provides an important opportunity to pierce the fog of “shock and awe,” in favor of sober, measured reflection. Especially as historians of the United States—as thinkers and teachers—it remains intellectually, politically, and ethically critical to develop h
Mapping the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act
Digital history projects not only contribute to scholarly debates by approaching familiar questions from new angles, but they also offer one of the best ways to introduce primary sources into the classroom. Think of it this way: your students would probably groan in agony if you assigned them a spre
The Iraq War and the Idea of Totalitarianism
U.S. President George W. Bush (at podium) discusses his plan for peace in the Middle East as National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice (left), Secretary of State Colin Powell (center), and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld (right) stand by his side in the White House Rose Garden on June 24, 2002
What’s in the June Issue of the Journal of American History?
The June issue of the Journal of American History is now available online and in print. Included are articles by William S. Kiser, Cooper Wingert, Wendell Nii Laryea Adjetey, and Mia Martin Hobbs's Editor's Choice article, "Healing Journeys': Veterans, Trauma and the Return to Vietnam." The pieces e
Underage Service, Household Economies, and the Union War Effort
The American Civil War is a remarkably well-documented conflict, especially on the U.S. side, fought by a highly literate population and overseen by a central government committed to conscientious record keeping. Wartime petitions from soldiers’ family members and postwar pension records illuminate
Digital Queers: How Computers Transformed LGBTQ Life in the United States
Much discussion of modern social justice movements in popular media focuses on the role of social media as organizer and catalyst. Twitter is credited as a key organizing platform in both the Arab Spring protests and Black Lives Matter, for example, which found popular adoption during the 2014 prote
Call for Submissions: Pacific Islander Histories
Hui Aloha ʻĀina o Na Wahine or the Hawaiian Patriotic League for Women, which petitioned against annexation. Among these women are Abigail Kuaihelani Campbell, Emma Nāwahi, Rebecca Kahalewai Cummins, Mary Ann Kaulalani Parker Stillman, Jessie Kapaihi Kaae, Hattie K. Hiram, Laura Kekupuwolui Mahelona
Employer Organizing: The Importance of Hobnobbing
As depicted in this cartoon from Square Deal, a magazine published by the Citizens' Industrial Association of America, organized employers portrayed their project as defending the common good from what they claimed were equally self-interested "trusts" on either side of the labor struggle. Battle Cr
Ending the Forgotten War: The Korean War Armistice at Seventy
On July 27th, 1953, the Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State established an uneasy ceasefire, ending a war that the U.S. had fought, but never formally declared. Sometimes overshadowed in U.S. twentieth-century historiography by the Second World War and the Vietnam War,
“Free Our Siblings, Free Ourselves:” Historicizing Trans Activism in the U.S., 1952–1992
This article originally appeared in the May 2019 issue of The American Historian. Recent years have seen a surge in attention to transgender politics. Famously—and controversially—dubbed a “transgender tipping point” by Time magazine, trans justice is now recognized as a thriving social movement.
The Iraq War’s Legacies for Women in Combat
On March 20, 2005, two years to the day after U.S. forces invaded Iraq, Army Specialist Ashley Pullen drove a Humvee in a routine patrol south of Baghdad. Pullen was a member of the 617th Military Police Company and, like all women in the military at that time, officially a noncombatant. But when he
In Pursuit of Merchant Status: The Migration Strategy of Early Twentieth Chinese Restaurant Owners under Chinese Exclusion
This post originally appeared in the 2022 issue of The American Historian. In 1921, dozens of investors celebrated the grand opening of Chin Lee’s Restaurant in New York. Located on the northern edge of the Times Square theatre district, their restaurant nourished youthful desires for frivolous f
The Urban Upwelling
Photo by Transformer18, under Creative Commons 2.0 license. This post originally appeared in the November 2015 issue of The American Historian. In late September 2015 a video began circulating on social media under the hashtag #pizzarat. As of early October, it had garnered more than seven mill