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Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw talks about India’s battle with Covid-19 In an interview with DNA, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairperson and Managing Director, Biocon, talks about India’s battle with Covid-19 and how the country is faring with its vaccination program. She also discusses the need for more investment in the healthcare sector, the development of the biotechnology industry and the importance of innovation in tackling the pandemic. She emphasizes the need for collaboration between industry, government and civil society to effectively tackle the pandemic.
One of the most momentous events in the history of life involved endosymbiosis—a process by which one organism engulfed another and, instead of ingesting it, incorporated its DNA and functions into itself.
Few genomes have been sequenced from early modern humans, who first arrived in Europe when the region was already inhabited by Neanderthals. An international team has now sequenced the oldest modern human genomes to date. The genomes were recovered from seven individuals who lived between 42,000 and 49,000 years ago in Ranis, Germany and Zlaty kun, Czechia. These genomes belonged to individuals who were part of a small, closely related human group that first split off from the population that left Africa around 50,000 years ago and later settled the rest of the world. Although they separated early, the Neanderthal DNA in their genomes traces back to an admixture event common to all people outside Africa, that the researchers date to around 45,000-49,000 years ago, much later than previously thought.